The dark vs. light mode debate goes beyond the UX/UI field. Behavioral scientists, ophthalmologists, and researchers studying ergonomics have been eager to understand which mode is better. The dark mode vs. light mode comparison has been such an engaging topic not only because the design choice determines user experience but apparently because it can even affect behavior and visual fatigue. So, below, we are trying to uncover the pros and cons of dark and light modes and the implications of the recent findings regarding interface design trends for visual aesthetics in UX/UI.
Design trends: Dark vs. Light
Light mode is the default setting on most devices, involving the light background (usually white) and the dark text. For many years, it has been the preferred choice for a wide range of display technologies and application fields. Nowadays, light mode in app design is the basis that no product can survive without, but it faces fierce competition from blackout displays.
The dark mode is the complete opposite of ubiquitous light design. It consists of a dark background, often black or dark gray, and light text. This design became a hit around 2018 when many software applications and platforms began experimenting with new UX/UI designs. Very quickly, applications like Gmail, Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp, Twitter, and others have adopted the dark mode to diversify and customize user experience.
Today, the dark mode is often observed in interfaces related to entertainment. For example, streaming services such as Netflix or Apple TV employ it to achieve a dramatic effect or for branding reasons. Dark UIs are also commonly used in gaming, probably for similar reasons. In addition, it is believed that the dark mode is better suited for presenting art and music, which is one of the main reasons why Spotify has recently introduced this mode. But are there any science-backed reasons to use the dark mode?
The Hype Around the Dark Mode: What Does the Science Say?
The dark mode is typically associated with three advantages:
- Saving power
- Reducing visual fatigue
- Enhancing interface aesthetics
When it comes to OLED and AMOLED screens, the dark mode may indeed be a life safer, allowing the battery to work longer without charging. The dark mode consumes less power, so it’s a great choice when access to power is restricted (e.g., during long journeys). As for the visual appeal, evidence supports the claim that the dark mode improves aesthetics and may be used to drive more user engagement.
The dark vs. light mode readability debate often overlooks one important detail. Research shows that the dark mode may be better for nighttime device use, as it decreases eyestrain. However, much depends on the surrounding lighting. In a dimly lit room, the dark mode may be less tiring for the eyes, but the benefits of the dark mode for night viewing disappear if the room is brightly lit. Another thing to remember is that the dark mode may lure people into prolonging their screen time at night, which may potentially disrupt sleep.
However, some of the dark mode benefits may be exaggerated. For instance, a study found no effect of this design choice on productivity and quantity of errors. There is also no convincing evidence that the dark mode improves concentration and decreases distraction. So, while it has its advantages, one should not expect wonders from the dark mode implementation.
User Experience in Different Modes
Although light and dark modes apparently have their advantages, it would be wrong to claim that one is better than the other. User experience depends much on the personal UX/UI design preferences and environment, so it makes sense to switch designs depending on these factors.
For example, a light background might reduce the visibility of reflected light, so it is recommended to use it in the case of glare or reflection problems. In contrast, the dark mode is more effective than the light one in reducing visual fatigue when using electronic devices in a dark environment (e.g., at night).
Age also plays a significant role in how the user interface is perceived and how it affects user experience. A study found that younger people were more interested in using the dark mode, while older adults preferred to stick to the tried-and-true light mode. Older adults had to make a greater mental effort using the dark screen design, and this cognitive load aggravated their experience. Another study confirmed that older users preferred black text and white backgrounds for reading.
Implications for UX/UI Design
Accessibility in UI color schemes is the main lesson that should be learned from the existing evidence. All users are different, and they need flexible design choices to adjust their screens depending on their age, preferences, purposes (e.g., entertainment vs. work), time of day, and many other factors. Light mode for daylight usability will not go away soon, especially considering light mode advantages. However, with the growing popularity of the dark mode, software developers can no longer ignore this trend. So, creating both options and designing for user comfort is the winning strategy to cater to users’ different needs.
Another important thing to remember is that the user interface design is all about aesthetics and style. So, the design choices should not be based on simply implementing as many different user interface contrast modes as possible but aligning these with the brand’s image and focus. Perceived as stylish, dramatic, and elegant, the dark mode can become a great tool for building an unforgettable brand image. However, issues of brand fit, color psychology and potential emotional impact should be considered before choosing to go with one.
Conclusion
The light and dark modes have their dedicated fans, so there is no point in choosing between them. Software developers and UX/UI designers need to acknowledge and make the most of the benefits of each, allowing users to decide how they want their screens to look. With light and dark styles developed according to recent scientific findings, designers and developers can improve user experience and make products more functional and visually appealing.